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| c. 10 BC |
| | | The period of stability achieved during the reign of Augustus Caesar has been given the name Pax Romana ('Roman peace') | |
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| 14 |
| | | The death of Augustus introduces half a century of chaos, as the members of his family compete ruthlessly for power | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | The Thessalonians receive the first of Paul's epistles - the earliest text in the New Testament, written in Greek | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | A working week of seven days is adopted in Rome, based on the seven known planets (whose names provide the days) | |
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| c. 60 |
| | | St Peter, believed to have come to Rome as leader of the Christian community, is subsequently considered the first pope | |
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| c. 60 |
| | | St Paul arrives in Rome a prisoner, but then spends two years freely preaching Christianity | |
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| 64 |
| | | A great fire in Rome is popularly believed to have been started by Nero, whom legend also accuses of fiddling while the city burns | |
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| c. 64 |
| | | Early Christian tradition states that both Peter and Paul meet death in Rome as martyrs, possibly as a result of the fire of AD 64 | |
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| 66 |
| | | Nero comes to Athens to give some of his officially celebrated performances at the Greek games | |
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| 79 |
| | | A sudden eruption of Vesuvius buries the town of Pompeii in volcanic ash, in places twelve feet deep | |
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